Source note · R066
Piano Training Enhances Executive Functions and Psychosocial Outcomes in Aging: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
A piano trial finds selected executive-function and self-efficacy changes, without an overall stress or immune biomarker effect.
- Setting
- Related music & arts
- Kind of evidence
- Intervention studies
- Review extent
- Selected sections reviewed
What was studied
A randomized trial comparing piano training, computer training and no treatment; 155 randomized, with 115 included after dosage-related exclusions.
What it contributes
Some executive and psychosocial outcomes favored piano, but overall cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A effects were not established.
Where the evidence stops
Excluding participants after randomization weakens the comparison. This is a distinct trial from the Swiss-German piano study, and neither directly tests community band membership.
A separate piano trial
The trial registered as NCT02564601 is distinct from the Swiss-German piano and music-culture trial. Its dosage exclusions and comparison groups need to be assessed on their own terms.
About this review
This is a targeted review of selected sections. The record should not be read as an appraisal of the entire work.
Publisher-deposited metadata checked; this is not a new full-text appraisal.
Source note updated September 7, 2026. Read our approach to evidence.